Step 1: Make the Whipped Caramel

1. In a medium saucepan over medium heat, gradually add granulated sugar, stirring occasionally, until melted and amber-colored.
2. Remove from heat and whisk in butter, followed by heavy cream, vanilla, and salt.
3. Transfer to a container and let cool to room temperature.
4. Whip with a hand mixer for 1-2 minutes until thick and fluffy.

Step 2: Prepare the Brownie Batter

1. Preheat oven to 325°F (163°C) and line an 8-inch square metal pan with parchment paper.
2. In a bowl, whisk together sugar, flour, cocoa powder, powdered sugar, chocolate chips, and salt.
3. In another bowl, mix eggs, oil, melted butter, water, and vanilla extract.
4. Combine the dry and wet ingredients, stirring until just combined.
5. Pour into the prepared pan and smooth out the top.
6. Bake for 40-45 minutes until edges are set but the center is slightly soft.
7. Let cool completely.

Step 3: Assemble the Brownies

1. Spread whipped caramel evenly over the cooled brownies.
2. Sprinkle with flaky sea salt.
3. Cut into squares using a warm knife, wiping between slices.